القدس والأقصى واستقطابهما الحضاري والثقافي

?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????.

?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????.

???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????.

???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????-??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? – ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? – ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????.

??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? --???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? -- ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????-?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? -???? ???? ????? ?????-? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????.

??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? – ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.

??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????.

???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????.

??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????–???????? ??????? ????? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? ?? ???? ??????? ( ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? * ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? * ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????) ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????.

?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????-???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????-????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????-?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????.

* ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????/2002–?2021
http://shrsc.com