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????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? (????? ??????) ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? (???? ??????) ???: (???? ??????? ???????)(31).

??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????) ????: (???? ????: ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????)(32).

??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.

?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????

?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? (????? ???? ?????) ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????.

???? ????? ???????? ??????(33) ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????.

????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????.

?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? (???? ??????): (?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????)(34).

???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????.

(????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????????).

?? ??? ?????? ??????

??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????:

??? ???? ?????: ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? (35).

???? ??????: ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? (36).

???? ?? ???: ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? & ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? (37).

???? ?? ????: ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????(38).

???? ??????: ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? (39).

???????? ?? ??????? ???????

??? ???? ?????: ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????????? (40).

???? ??????: ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? (41).

???? ?????: ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????(42).

???? ?? ????: ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????(43).

???? ?? ????: ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????(44).

??????? ???????? ?? ???????

??? ???? ?????: ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????(45).

???? ??????: ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????????(46).

???? ?? ???: ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????(47).

???? ?? ????: ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????????(48).

???? ?? ????: ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????(49).

????? ????? ????????

??? ???? ?????: ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????(50).

???? ??????: ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????????(51).

???? ?????: ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????(52).

?? ??? ????? ???????

??????? ??????? ?? ?????????

??? ?????? ???? ???????? (???? ??????): (????? ???????? ???? ? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???»(53).

???? (???? ??????): (?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????)(54).

???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ??????): (??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????)(55).

???????? ??? ??? ?????

??? ???? ???????? (???? ??????): (?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????)(56).

???? (???? ??????): (??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????: ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????)(57).

????? ??????? ????? (???? ??????): (?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????)(58).

???? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????): (??? ?????? ?? ???(????? ???? ??????) ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? (??? ???? ???? ????): ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????..)(59).

???? ??? ??? ???? (???? ??????): (?? ??????? ?????: ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????)(60).

?? ?? ????????

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? (??? ???? ???? ????) ?? ????????

????: (????? ?? ??????? ????: ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????: ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????)(61).

??? ??? ?? ??????? ???: ??? ???? ???? (??? ???? ???? ????): (?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???)(62).

???? ???? ???????? (???? ??????): (??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????..)(63).

???? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????): (?????? ??????: ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????)(64).

????? ????? ????????

??? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ???? ????): (?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????)(65).

???? (??? ???? ???? ????): (?????? ??????? ?????? ?????)(66).

???? ???? ???????? (???? ??????): (??????? ??? ?????)(67).

??? ??? ????? ?????? ???: ??? ?? ????? (???? ??????) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????: ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????: (????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? (???? ??????) ?? ???? ???? (??? ???? ???? ????) ???: ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???: ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????: ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????)

?????: ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????

??? (???? ??????): (???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (????? ??????)(68).

........................................
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(1) ????? ??????: ?1 ?40 ?4 ?41.
(2) ???????: ?1 ?303 ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ??????)? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
(3) ???: ???????? ???????????: ???????????? ??????. ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ????????: ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????: ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??????? ??? ????????. ??????: ????? ????????. ?????????? ??????????? ????????. ????????: ????????? ?????????? ????. ???????????: ?????????? ?? ??? ????????. ?????????? ???? ????‏?: ????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????: ?2 ?242 ???? (???).
(4) ??????? ????????: ?1 ?90 ?1 ??? ?? ?????? ??????.
(5) ??????: ?2 ?139 ??? ??????? ?7.
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(7) ??????: ?5 ?106 ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?4.
(8) ?????? ???????: ?11 ?187 ?6 ?12701.
(9) ????? ??????: ?12 ?154 ?104 ?15931.
(10) ???????: ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????: ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????.
??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????: ?942 «???????».
??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? (1912?) ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????.
????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??? (???? ?????? ??????? 1968?) ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? (????? ????) ??? ????? (??? ?????). ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??: ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????:
?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????
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??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????.
(11) ??????? ???????: ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? (?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????) ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? (1908?)? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ??????: ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???: ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ????????: ?2 ?81 ??? ?????.
???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????: ???????. ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ???? (????? ?????????) ??????? ???? ???? ??????: ?22: ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????...
(12) ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????: ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? (1908?)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????: ?2 ?82 ??? ?????.
(13) ??????? ?????? ??????: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??? (1915?) ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???????: ?7 ?3327 ??? ?????.
(14) ?????????? ????????: ?? ????? (???????) ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????: ?????????? ????????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ???????: ?1 ?142 ??? ?????.
(15) ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???????: ?1 ?347 ??? ?????.
(16) ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????: ?428-430.
(17) ?????? ??????: ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????: ?4 ?244 ??? ?????.
(18) ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????: ?3 ?534 ??? ?????.
(19) ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????:
1? ???? ????? ????? ??????? (?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????) ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????.
2? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????: ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???????? ????????: ?2 ?788 ??? ?????.
(20) ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? (1914?) ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? (1932?). ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? (1948?) ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? (1956?). ??? ??????? ????? ??? (1377?‍ ? 1958?)? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? (1963?) ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????: ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? (1963?).
(21) ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? (1958?).
(22) ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? (3?65%)? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? (5?896 ????? ?????) ???? (660 ????? ?????) ??? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? (255 ????? ?????) ??? ??????? ???????? ???. (???? ??????: ????? 358 ? ?????? 1988?).
????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (112 ????? ?????) ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????.
???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? (???????? ???????): ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? (12%) ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????.
(23) ??? ????? ????: (?????? ???? ??????)? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? (?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????)? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? (??????? ???????? ?????? ??????) ????? ??????? ?????? (???? ???? ????????) ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? (????? ?????) ?(????? ????????) ?(????? ?????)? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? (1958?)? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? (???? 1959?)? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????. ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? (21) ?????? ?? ???? (1959?) ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? (?? ?????? 1959?) ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????.
????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? (1956?) ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? 1958 ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? (4 ???? 1959?) ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? (8 ????). ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??????: ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????.
(24) ???? (??????? ??????? ?? ???????) ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????) ?? ?????? ??????? ??? (1383??)? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? (1400??) ????? ??? ????????? ?????? (??????? ???? ?? ?????) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (???? ??????) ?????? (???????? ????) ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????: ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? (???? ???? ??????). ??? ?????? ?? (20 ?? ????? ??? 1360??) ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????? ??????) ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????: (???? ?????: ???????? ????????) ?(???? ??????: ????? ?? ??? ??? ????) ? (????????? 3 ?) ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.
???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????.
(25) ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????.
(26) ???? ???? ?????? ????? (??????? ??????? ?? ???????): ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???: ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????!
(27) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? (1339?‍ ? 1921?) ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? (1377?? ? ‍1958?) ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? 14 ????? 1382?‍ ? 8 ???? ??? 1963?) ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???: ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? (1963?) ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????: ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? (1385?‍ ?? 1966?) ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????.
(28) ????? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? (1928 ??? ??? 1953?).
??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? (?????????? ?? ??? ????) ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? (????? ?????) ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????.
??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? (1899?) ???? ????? ???????? ???????.
??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? (??????? ????????) ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? (??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????). ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? (1906?) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??? (1912?) ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? (1917?).
???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????: (?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????) ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.
???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? (1934 ??? 1938?) ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? (1953?) ????? ??????? ?? ????????. ???? ???????? ????????: ?3 ?137 ?? 138? ??? ?????.
(29) ??????: ?1 ?25 ???? ????? ?????? ?25.
(30) ??????: ?1 ?25 ???? ????? ?????? ?23.
(31) ???? ???????: ? 67 ?245 ?54 ?19.
(32) ???????: ?252 ??? ??????? ?270.
(33) ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????! ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????. ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????.
???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????... ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.
????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. (??????)
(34) ???????: ?303 ?? ????? (???? ??????) ?? ??? ???????.
(35) ???? ???????: 197.
(36) ???? ?????: 73.
(37) ???? ????????: 66- 67.
(38) ???? ????: 62.
(39) ???? ???????: 5.
(40) ???? ??????: 257.
(41) ???? ???: 113.
(42) ???? ??: 124.
(43) ???? ???: 21.
(44) ???? ????: 16.
(45) ???? ??????: 146.
(46) ???? ???????: 29.
(47) ???? ????: 14.
(48) ???? ????: 65.
(49) ???? ??????: 5.
(50) ???? ??????: 269.
(51) ???? ?????: 16.
(52) ???? ?????: 19.
(53) ??????: ?2 ?149 ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?7.
(54) ??? ????? ???? ?????: ?392 ?5 ?4 ?3 ?9025.
(55) ????? ?????: ?262 ??? ?? ???? ?????.
(56) ??? ???????? ?????: 198 ?? ???? ??? (???? ??????) ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????.
(57) ???? ???????: ? 68 ?184 ?64 ??? ?44.
(58) ???? ???????: ? 68 ?184 ?64 ??? ?44.
(59) ??? ???????: ?1 ?328 ??? ?? ??????.
(60) ??????: ?2 ?83 ??? ??????? ?1.
(61) ?????? ???????: ?1 ?101 ?8 ?92.
(62) ?????? ???????: ?1 ?101 ?8 ?93.
(63) ??? ???????? ?????: 26 ?? ??? ??? (???? ??????) ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????.
(64) ????? ??????: ?1 ?60 ?8 ?126.
(65) ??? ??????: ?28 ??? ???? (??? ???? ???? ????) ????? ?????? ??????.
(66) ???? ???????: ?3 ?14?1 ?37.
(67) ??? ????? ???? ?????: ?41 ?1 ?1 ?1 ?1.
(68) ???? ???????: ?3 ?14 ?1 ?39